Modelos de red de igual a igual y de cliente-servidor

Peer-to-peer and client-server are two of the most basic types of network architectures. Both peer-to-peer and client-server configurations provide networking capabilities for exchanging data between computers and other devices. However, there are some differences between the structure and operating principle of these two network architectures. This article discusses some of the key differences between peer-to-peer and client-server networks.

What is a client-server network?

In this type of network, several (or at least one) dedicated central server controls the entire network and the clients. To perform certain tasks, several clients in a client-server network can establish connections with the central server.

A client-server network can host numerous central servers, each of which performs a specific function, e.g. data storage, access control, network monitoring, Internet connection, etc. These networks can accommodate multiple clients of different types, e.g. desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, etc.

Client-server network - advantages

The following list contains the most important advantages of client-server networks;

• Centrally provided servers are easier for IT teams to manage. In these networks, files or data can be made easily accessible to users by updating the central server. In addition, problem monitoring and troubleshooting are easier to manage in a client-server network.
• The integrity of sensitive data can be better protected in client-server based networks as it is stored on a single server far away from external threats. In short, client-server networks are better in terms of security.
• These networks can be upgraded easily and without interruption.
• Data shared in a client-server network can be accessed by all authorized clients, and restoring data is much easier than in a decentralized server network.

Client-Server-Netzwerk - Einschränkungen

Below are some general limitations attributed to Clinet0server networks;

• These networks are expensive to set up and maintain. The total cost of setting up a client-server network is significantly higher than the cost of setting up a peer-to-peer network
• A client-server network requires highly qualified and trained personnel for hardware and software configuration. Operation, administration and maintenance are also complicated.
• With this type of network, the entire network fails so that communication between different computers and devices is interrupted if the central server fails.

What is the peer-to-peer network model?

In a peer-to-peer network, no central server is used to control the network and its various aspects. Instead, all devices participating in the network exchange files, programs, applications and other resources directly. In such networks, each participating device can act as a server or a client, as it can offer or request services from other peers. Sometimes a device can also act as a client and server at the same time.

Each device is called a peer in a peer-to-peer network and has the same access rights and capabilities, although no peer can control other peers. For example, a copier connected to one computer can be requested by any other connected computer for printing services. In these networks, network security and resource management are not centrally controlled. Therefore, each computer participating in a peer-to-peer network must manage its data backup locally. In a peer-to-peer network, participants interact directly with each other and there are no restrictions on adding a new device.

Peer-to-peer network - advantages

Peer-to-peer networks have many advantages, such as

• Modern peer-to-peer networks enable different peers to exchange files over long distances. You can easily access a file stored on the local drive of a peer in Europe while you are sitting in Asia.
• Setting up a peer-to-peer network does not require any additional hardware or software resources. You can easily set up and operate such a network without installing a special central server.
• These networks are more scalable and flexible, as new devices can be easily integrated into existing networks.
• A peer-to-peer network can continue to operate normally even if one or more participating devices fail or do not work. This also prevents bottlenecks in the network, as data traffic can flow through these networks via multiple routes.
• A peer-to-peer network allows different clients offering different applications and functions to work together to benefit the entire network.

Peer-to-peer network - restrictions

Below are some of the most common limitations we can attribute to peer-to-peer networks;

• As these networks operate without a central server, we cannot count them among the most secure networks.
• The overall costs of operating a peer-to-peer network are higher, as each participant has to maintain its own anti-virus and backup system.
• In a peer-to-peer network, each computer or participating device performs multiple tasks, which can cause delays or disruptions to services

Client-server compared to peer-to-peer networks

Basics
In a client-server network, several clients (PCs, laptops, smartphones, etc.) connect to a central service, while in a peer-to-peer network, each participant can take on the role of either a client or a server

Service
In a peer-to-peer network, each participant (peer) can offer or request services. In a client-server network, on the other hand, special servers offer services.

Focus
Peer-to-peer networks focus on connectivity, while client-server networks focus on the exchange of information.

Data storage
In a client-server network, a special data server or a central server stores the data. In a peer-to-peer network, each participating device stores and maintains its data.

Traffic performance
Sometimes traffic bottlenecks can affect the performance of a client-server network if several clients request services at the same time. Traffic bottlenecks are less likely to occur in peer-to-peer networks, as several peers offer services in these networks.

Costs
Client-server networks are more expensive to set up than peer-to-peer networks. Special hardware and software resources are required for client-server networks.

Applications
Client-server networks are preferred for corporate networks and web services where security must never be compromised. In comparison, peer-to-peer networks are well suited for small businesses and home networks that do not involve sensitive information and data.

Conclusion
Both peer-to-peer and client-server networks have their advantages and limitations. These networks can deliver excellent results when used in a suitable environment. As a user, you need to investigate your requirements before deciding on either network.